kernelspec.py 13 KB

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  1. """Tools for managing kernel specs"""
  2. # Copyright (c) Jupyter Development Team.
  3. # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
  4. import errno
  5. import io
  6. import json
  7. import os
  8. import re
  9. import shutil
  10. import warnings
  11. pjoin = os.path.join
  12. from ipython_genutils.py3compat import PY3
  13. from traitlets import (
  14. HasTraits, List, Unicode, Dict, Set, Bool, Type, CaselessStrEnum
  15. )
  16. from traitlets.config import LoggingConfigurable
  17. from jupyter_core.paths import jupyter_data_dir, jupyter_path, SYSTEM_JUPYTER_PATH
  18. NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME = 'python3' if PY3 else 'python2'
  19. class KernelSpec(HasTraits):
  20. argv = List()
  21. display_name = Unicode()
  22. language = Unicode()
  23. env = Dict()
  24. resource_dir = Unicode()
  25. interrupt_mode = CaselessStrEnum(
  26. ['message', 'signal'], default_value='signal'
  27. )
  28. metadata = Dict()
  29. @classmethod
  30. def from_resource_dir(cls, resource_dir):
  31. """Create a KernelSpec object by reading kernel.json
  32. Pass the path to the *directory* containing kernel.json.
  33. """
  34. kernel_file = pjoin(resource_dir, 'kernel.json')
  35. with io.open(kernel_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
  36. kernel_dict = json.load(f)
  37. return cls(resource_dir=resource_dir, **kernel_dict)
  38. def to_dict(self):
  39. d = dict(argv=self.argv,
  40. env=self.env,
  41. display_name=self.display_name,
  42. language=self.language,
  43. interrupt_mode=self.interrupt_mode,
  44. metadata=self.metadata,
  45. )
  46. return d
  47. def to_json(self):
  48. """Serialise this kernelspec to a JSON object.
  49. Returns a string.
  50. """
  51. return json.dumps(self.to_dict())
  52. _kernel_name_pat = re.compile(r'^[a-z0-9._\-]+$', re.IGNORECASE)
  53. def _is_valid_kernel_name(name):
  54. """Check that a kernel name is valid."""
  55. # quote is not unicode-safe on Python 2
  56. return _kernel_name_pat.match(name)
  57. _kernel_name_description = "Kernel names can only contain ASCII letters and numbers and these separators:" \
  58. " - . _ (hyphen, period, and underscore)."
  59. def _is_kernel_dir(path):
  60. """Is ``path`` a kernel directory?"""
  61. return os.path.isdir(path) and os.path.isfile(pjoin(path, 'kernel.json'))
  62. def _list_kernels_in(dir):
  63. """Return a mapping of kernel names to resource directories from dir.
  64. If dir is None or does not exist, returns an empty dict.
  65. """
  66. if dir is None or not os.path.isdir(dir):
  67. return {}
  68. kernels = {}
  69. for f in os.listdir(dir):
  70. path = pjoin(dir, f)
  71. if not _is_kernel_dir(path):
  72. continue
  73. key = f.lower()
  74. if not _is_valid_kernel_name(key):
  75. warnings.warn("Invalid kernelspec directory name (%s): %s"
  76. % (_kernel_name_description, path), stacklevel=3,
  77. )
  78. kernels[key] = path
  79. return kernels
  80. class NoSuchKernel(KeyError):
  81. def __init__(self, name):
  82. self.name = name
  83. def __str__(self):
  84. return "No such kernel named {}".format(self.name)
  85. class KernelSpecManager(LoggingConfigurable):
  86. kernel_spec_class = Type(KernelSpec, config=True,
  87. help="""The kernel spec class. This is configurable to allow
  88. subclassing of the KernelSpecManager for customized behavior.
  89. """
  90. )
  91. ensure_native_kernel = Bool(True, config=True,
  92. help="""If there is no Python kernelspec registered and the IPython
  93. kernel is available, ensure it is added to the spec list.
  94. """
  95. )
  96. data_dir = Unicode()
  97. def _data_dir_default(self):
  98. return jupyter_data_dir()
  99. user_kernel_dir = Unicode()
  100. def _user_kernel_dir_default(self):
  101. return pjoin(self.data_dir, 'kernels')
  102. whitelist = Set(config=True,
  103. help="""Whitelist of allowed kernel names.
  104. By default, all installed kernels are allowed.
  105. """
  106. )
  107. kernel_dirs = List(
  108. help="List of kernel directories to search. Later ones take priority over earlier."
  109. )
  110. def _kernel_dirs_default(self):
  111. dirs = jupyter_path('kernels')
  112. # At some point, we should stop adding .ipython/kernels to the path,
  113. # but the cost to keeping it is very small.
  114. try:
  115. from IPython.paths import get_ipython_dir
  116. except ImportError:
  117. try:
  118. from IPython.utils.path import get_ipython_dir
  119. except ImportError:
  120. # no IPython, no ipython dir
  121. get_ipython_dir = None
  122. if get_ipython_dir is not None:
  123. dirs.append(os.path.join(get_ipython_dir(), 'kernels'))
  124. return dirs
  125. def find_kernel_specs(self):
  126. """Returns a dict mapping kernel names to resource directories."""
  127. d = {}
  128. for kernel_dir in self.kernel_dirs:
  129. kernels = _list_kernels_in(kernel_dir)
  130. for kname, spec in kernels.items():
  131. if kname not in d:
  132. self.log.debug("Found kernel %s in %s", kname, kernel_dir)
  133. d[kname] = spec
  134. if self.ensure_native_kernel and NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME not in d:
  135. try:
  136. from ipykernel.kernelspec import RESOURCES
  137. self.log.debug("Native kernel (%s) available from %s",
  138. NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME, RESOURCES)
  139. d[NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME] = RESOURCES
  140. except ImportError:
  141. self.log.warning("Native kernel (%s) is not available", NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME)
  142. if self.whitelist:
  143. # filter if there's a whitelist
  144. d = {name:spec for name,spec in d.items() if name in self.whitelist}
  145. return d
  146. # TODO: Caching?
  147. def _get_kernel_spec_by_name(self, kernel_name, resource_dir):
  148. """ Returns a :class:`KernelSpec` instance for a given kernel_name
  149. and resource_dir.
  150. """
  151. if kernel_name == NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME:
  152. try:
  153. from ipykernel.kernelspec import RESOURCES, get_kernel_dict
  154. except ImportError:
  155. # It should be impossible to reach this, but let's play it safe
  156. pass
  157. else:
  158. if resource_dir == RESOURCES:
  159. return self.kernel_spec_class(resource_dir=resource_dir, **get_kernel_dict())
  160. return self.kernel_spec_class.from_resource_dir(resource_dir)
  161. def _find_spec_directory(self, kernel_name):
  162. """Find the resource directory of a named kernel spec"""
  163. for kernel_dir in self.kernel_dirs:
  164. try:
  165. files = os.listdir(kernel_dir)
  166. except OSError as e:
  167. if e.errno in (errno.ENOTDIR, errno.ENOENT):
  168. continue
  169. raise
  170. for f in files:
  171. path = pjoin(kernel_dir, f)
  172. if f.lower() == kernel_name and _is_kernel_dir(path):
  173. return path
  174. if kernel_name == NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME:
  175. try:
  176. from ipykernel.kernelspec import RESOURCES
  177. except ImportError:
  178. pass
  179. else:
  180. return RESOURCES
  181. def get_kernel_spec(self, kernel_name):
  182. """Returns a :class:`KernelSpec` instance for the given kernel_name.
  183. Raises :exc:`NoSuchKernel` if the given kernel name is not found.
  184. """
  185. if not _is_valid_kernel_name(kernel_name):
  186. self.log.warning("Kernelspec name %r is invalid: %s", kernel_name,
  187. _kernel_name_description)
  188. resource_dir = self._find_spec_directory(kernel_name.lower())
  189. if resource_dir is None:
  190. raise NoSuchKernel(kernel_name)
  191. return self._get_kernel_spec_by_name(kernel_name, resource_dir)
  192. def get_all_specs(self):
  193. """Returns a dict mapping kernel names to kernelspecs.
  194. Returns a dict of the form::
  195. {
  196. 'kernel_name': {
  197. 'resource_dir': '/path/to/kernel_name',
  198. 'spec': {"the spec itself": ...}
  199. },
  200. ...
  201. }
  202. """
  203. d = self.find_kernel_specs()
  204. res = {}
  205. for kname, resource_dir in d.items():
  206. try:
  207. if self.__class__ is KernelSpecManager:
  208. spec = self._get_kernel_spec_by_name(kname, resource_dir)
  209. else:
  210. # avoid calling private methods in subclasses,
  211. # which may have overridden find_kernel_specs
  212. # and get_kernel_spec, but not the newer get_all_specs
  213. spec = self.get_kernel_spec(kname)
  214. res[kname] = {
  215. "resource_dir": resource_dir,
  216. "spec": spec.to_dict()
  217. }
  218. except Exception:
  219. self.log.warning("Error loading kernelspec %r", kname, exc_info=True)
  220. return res
  221. def remove_kernel_spec(self, name):
  222. """Remove a kernel spec directory by name.
  223. Returns the path that was deleted.
  224. """
  225. save_native = self.ensure_native_kernel
  226. try:
  227. self.ensure_native_kernel = False
  228. specs = self.find_kernel_specs()
  229. finally:
  230. self.ensure_native_kernel = save_native
  231. spec_dir = specs[name]
  232. self.log.debug("Removing %s", spec_dir)
  233. if os.path.islink(spec_dir):
  234. os.remove(spec_dir)
  235. else:
  236. shutil.rmtree(spec_dir)
  237. return spec_dir
  238. def _get_destination_dir(self, kernel_name, user=False, prefix=None):
  239. if user:
  240. return os.path.join(self.user_kernel_dir, kernel_name)
  241. elif prefix:
  242. return os.path.join(os.path.abspath(prefix), 'share', 'jupyter', 'kernels', kernel_name)
  243. else:
  244. return os.path.join(SYSTEM_JUPYTER_PATH[0], 'kernels', kernel_name)
  245. def install_kernel_spec(self, source_dir, kernel_name=None, user=False,
  246. replace=None, prefix=None):
  247. """Install a kernel spec by copying its directory.
  248. If ``kernel_name`` is not given, the basename of ``source_dir`` will
  249. be used.
  250. If ``user`` is False, it will attempt to install into the systemwide
  251. kernel registry. If the process does not have appropriate permissions,
  252. an :exc:`OSError` will be raised.
  253. If ``prefix`` is given, the kernelspec will be installed to
  254. PREFIX/share/jupyter/kernels/KERNEL_NAME. This can be sys.prefix
  255. for installation inside virtual or conda envs.
  256. """
  257. source_dir = source_dir.rstrip('/\\')
  258. if not kernel_name:
  259. kernel_name = os.path.basename(source_dir)
  260. kernel_name = kernel_name.lower()
  261. if not _is_valid_kernel_name(kernel_name):
  262. raise ValueError("Invalid kernel name %r. %s" % (kernel_name, _kernel_name_description))
  263. if user and prefix:
  264. raise ValueError("Can't specify both user and prefix. Please choose one or the other.")
  265. if replace is not None:
  266. warnings.warn(
  267. "replace is ignored. Installing a kernelspec always replaces an existing installation",
  268. DeprecationWarning,
  269. stacklevel=2,
  270. )
  271. destination = self._get_destination_dir(kernel_name, user=user, prefix=prefix)
  272. self.log.debug('Installing kernelspec in %s', destination)
  273. kernel_dir = os.path.dirname(destination)
  274. if kernel_dir not in self.kernel_dirs:
  275. self.log.warning("Installing to %s, which is not in %s. The kernelspec may not be found.",
  276. kernel_dir, self.kernel_dirs,
  277. )
  278. if os.path.isdir(destination):
  279. self.log.info('Removing existing kernelspec in %s', destination)
  280. shutil.rmtree(destination)
  281. shutil.copytree(source_dir, destination)
  282. self.log.info('Installed kernelspec %s in %s', kernel_name, destination)
  283. return destination
  284. def install_native_kernel_spec(self, user=False):
  285. """DEPRECATED: Use ipykernel.kenelspec.install"""
  286. warnings.warn("install_native_kernel_spec is deprecated."
  287. " Use ipykernel.kernelspec import install.", stacklevel=2)
  288. from ipykernel.kernelspec import install
  289. install(self, user=user)
  290. def find_kernel_specs():
  291. """Returns a dict mapping kernel names to resource directories."""
  292. return KernelSpecManager().find_kernel_specs()
  293. def get_kernel_spec(kernel_name):
  294. """Returns a :class:`KernelSpec` instance for the given kernel_name.
  295. Raises KeyError if the given kernel name is not found.
  296. """
  297. return KernelSpecManager().get_kernel_spec(kernel_name)
  298. def install_kernel_spec(source_dir, kernel_name=None, user=False, replace=False,
  299. prefix=None):
  300. return KernelSpecManager().install_kernel_spec(source_dir, kernel_name,
  301. user, replace, prefix)
  302. install_kernel_spec.__doc__ = KernelSpecManager.install_kernel_spec.__doc__
  303. def install_native_kernel_spec(user=False):
  304. return KernelSpecManager().install_native_kernel_spec(user=user)
  305. install_native_kernel_spec.__doc__ = KernelSpecManager.install_native_kernel_spec.__doc__