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- Certifi: Python SSL Certificates
- ================================
- `Certifi`_ is a carefully curated collection of Root Certificates for
- validating the trustworthiness of SSL certificates while verifying the identity
- of TLS hosts. It has been extracted from the `Requests`_ project.
- Installation
- ------------
- ``certifi`` is available on PyPI. Simply install it with ``pip``::
- $ pip install certifi
- Usage
- -----
- To reference the installed certificate authority (CA) bundle, you can use the
- built-in function::
- >>> import certifi
- >>> certifi.where()
- '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem'
- Enjoy!
- 1024-bit Root Certificates
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Browsers and certificate authorities have concluded that 1024-bit keys are
- unacceptably weak for certificates, particularly root certificates. For this
- reason, Mozilla has removed any weak (i.e. 1024-bit key) certificate from its
- bundle, replacing it with an equivalent strong (i.e. 2048-bit or greater key)
- certificate from the same CA. Because Mozilla removed these certificates from
- its bundle, ``certifi`` removed them as well.
- Unfortunately, old versions of OpenSSL (less than 1.0.2) sometimes fail to
- validate certificate chains that use the strong roots. For this reason, if you
- fail to validate a certificate using the ``certifi.where()`` mechanism, you can
- intentionally re-add the 1024-bit roots back into your bundle by calling
- ``certifi.old_where()`` instead. This is not recommended in production: if at
- all possible you should upgrade to a newer OpenSSL. However, if you have no
- other option, this may work for you.
- .. _`Certifi`: http://certifi.io/en/latest/
- .. _`Requests`: http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/
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