itertoolz.pyx 50 KB

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  1. from cpython.dict cimport PyDict_GetItem, PyDict_SetItem
  2. from cpython.exc cimport PyErr_Clear, PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches, PyErr_Occurred
  3. from cpython.list cimport PyList_Append, PyList_GET_ITEM, PyList_GET_SIZE
  4. from cpython.object cimport PyObject_RichCompareBool, Py_NE
  5. from cpython.ref cimport PyObject, Py_INCREF, Py_XDECREF
  6. from cpython.sequence cimport PySequence_Check
  7. from cpython.set cimport PySet_Add, PySet_Contains
  8. from cpython.tuple cimport PyTuple_GET_ITEM, PyTuple_GetSlice, PyTuple_New, PyTuple_SET_ITEM
  9. # Locally defined bindings that differ from `cython.cpython` bindings
  10. from cytoolz.cpython cimport PtrIter_Next, PtrObject_GetItem
  11. from collections import deque
  12. from heapq import heapify, heappop, heapreplace
  13. from itertools import chain, islice
  14. from operator import itemgetter
  15. from random import Random
  16. from cytoolz.compatibility import map, zip, zip_longest
  17. from cytoolz.utils import no_default
  18. __all__ = ['remove', 'accumulate', 'groupby', 'merge_sorted', 'interleave',
  19. 'unique', 'isiterable', 'isdistinct', 'take', 'drop', 'take_nth',
  20. 'first', 'second', 'nth', 'last', 'get', 'concat', 'concatv',
  21. 'mapcat', 'cons', 'interpose', 'frequencies', 'reduceby', 'iterate',
  22. 'sliding_window', 'partition', 'partition_all', 'count', 'pluck',
  23. 'join', 'tail', 'diff', 'topk', 'peek', 'peekn', 'random_sample']
  24. cpdef object identity(object x):
  25. return x
  26. cdef class remove:
  27. """ remove(predicate, seq)
  28. Return those items of sequence for which predicate(item) is False
  29. >>> def iseven(x):
  30. ... return x % 2 == 0
  31. >>> list(remove(iseven, [1, 2, 3, 4]))
  32. [1, 3]
  33. """
  34. def __cinit__(self, object predicate, object seq):
  35. self.predicate = predicate
  36. self.iter_seq = iter(seq)
  37. def __iter__(self):
  38. return self
  39. def __next__(self):
  40. cdef object val
  41. val = next(self.iter_seq)
  42. while self.predicate(val):
  43. val = next(self.iter_seq)
  44. return val
  45. cdef class accumulate:
  46. """ accumulate(binop, seq, initial='__no__default__')
  47. Repeatedly apply binary function to a sequence, accumulating results
  48. >>> from operator import add, mul
  49. >>> list(accumulate(add, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
  50. [1, 3, 6, 10, 15]
  51. >>> list(accumulate(mul, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
  52. [1, 2, 6, 24, 120]
  53. Accumulate is similar to ``reduce`` and is good for making functions like
  54. cumulative sum:
  55. >>> from functools import partial, reduce
  56. >>> sum = partial(reduce, add)
  57. >>> cumsum = partial(accumulate, add)
  58. Accumulate also takes an optional argument that will be used as the first
  59. value. This is similar to reduce.
  60. >>> list(accumulate(add, [1, 2, 3], -1))
  61. [-1, 0, 2, 5]
  62. >>> list(accumulate(add, [], 1))
  63. [1]
  64. See Also:
  65. itertools.accumulate : In standard itertools for Python 3.2+
  66. """
  67. def __cinit__(self, object binop, object seq, object initial='__no__default__'):
  68. self.binop = binop
  69. self.iter_seq = iter(seq)
  70. self.result = self # sentinel
  71. self.initial = initial
  72. def __iter__(self):
  73. return self
  74. def __next__(self):
  75. if self.result is self:
  76. if self.initial != no_default:
  77. self.result = self.initial
  78. else:
  79. self.result = next(self.iter_seq)
  80. else:
  81. self.result = self.binop(self.result, next(self.iter_seq))
  82. return self.result
  83. cdef inline object _groupby_core(dict d, object key, object item):
  84. cdef PyObject *obj = PyDict_GetItem(d, key)
  85. if obj is NULL:
  86. val = []
  87. PyList_Append(val, item)
  88. PyDict_SetItem(d, key, val)
  89. else:
  90. PyList_Append(<object>obj, item)
  91. cpdef dict groupby(object key, object seq):
  92. """
  93. Group a collection by a key function
  94. >>> names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'Dan', 'Edith', 'Frank']
  95. >>> groupby(len, names) # doctest: +SKIP
  96. {3: ['Bob', 'Dan'], 5: ['Alice', 'Edith', 'Frank'], 7: ['Charlie']}
  97. >>> iseven = lambda x: x % 2 == 0
  98. >>> groupby(iseven, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]) # doctest: +SKIP
  99. {False: [1, 3, 5, 7], True: [2, 4, 6, 8]}
  100. Non-callable keys imply grouping on a member.
  101. >>> groupby('gender', [{'name': 'Alice', 'gender': 'F'},
  102. ... {'name': 'Bob', 'gender': 'M'},
  103. ... {'name': 'Charlie', 'gender': 'M'}]) # doctest:+SKIP
  104. {'F': [{'gender': 'F', 'name': 'Alice'}],
  105. 'M': [{'gender': 'M', 'name': 'Bob'},
  106. {'gender': 'M', 'name': 'Charlie'}]}
  107. Not to be confused with ``itertools.groupby``
  108. See Also:
  109. countby
  110. """
  111. cdef dict d = {}
  112. cdef object item, keyval
  113. cdef Py_ssize_t i, N
  114. if callable(key):
  115. for item in seq:
  116. keyval = key(item)
  117. _groupby_core(d, keyval, item)
  118. elif isinstance(key, list):
  119. N = PyList_GET_SIZE(key)
  120. for item in seq:
  121. keyval = PyTuple_New(N)
  122. for i in range(N):
  123. val = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(key, i)
  124. val = item[val]
  125. Py_INCREF(val)
  126. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(keyval, i, val)
  127. _groupby_core(d, keyval, item)
  128. else:
  129. for item in seq:
  130. keyval = item[key]
  131. _groupby_core(d, keyval, item)
  132. return d
  133. cdef object _merge_sorted_binary(object seqs):
  134. mid = len(seqs) // 2
  135. L1 = seqs[:mid]
  136. if len(L1) == 1:
  137. seq1 = iter(L1[0])
  138. else:
  139. seq1 = _merge_sorted_binary(L1)
  140. L2 = seqs[mid:]
  141. if len(L2) == 1:
  142. seq2 = iter(L2[0])
  143. else:
  144. seq2 = _merge_sorted_binary(L2)
  145. try:
  146. val2 = next(seq2)
  147. except StopIteration:
  148. return seq1
  149. return _merge_sorted(seq1, seq2, val2)
  150. cdef class _merge_sorted:
  151. def __cinit__(self, seq1, seq2, val2):
  152. self.seq1 = seq1
  153. self.seq2 = seq2
  154. self.val1 = None
  155. self.val2 = val2
  156. self.loop = 0
  157. def __iter__(self):
  158. return self
  159. def __next__(self):
  160. if self.loop == 0:
  161. try:
  162. self.val1 = next(self.seq1)
  163. except StopIteration:
  164. self.loop = 2
  165. return self.val2
  166. if self.val2 < self.val1:
  167. self.loop = 1
  168. return self.val2
  169. return self.val1
  170. elif self.loop == 1:
  171. try:
  172. self.val2 = next(self.seq2)
  173. except StopIteration:
  174. self.loop = 3
  175. return self.val1
  176. if self.val2 < self.val1:
  177. return self.val2
  178. self.loop = 0
  179. return self.val1
  180. elif self.loop == 2:
  181. return next(self.seq2)
  182. return next(self.seq1)
  183. cdef object _merge_sorted_binary_key(object seqs, object key):
  184. mid = len(seqs) // 2
  185. L1 = seqs[:mid]
  186. if len(L1) == 1:
  187. seq1 = iter(L1[0])
  188. else:
  189. seq1 = _merge_sorted_binary_key(L1, key)
  190. L2 = seqs[mid:]
  191. if len(L2) == 1:
  192. seq2 = iter(L2[0])
  193. else:
  194. seq2 = _merge_sorted_binary_key(L2, key)
  195. try:
  196. val2 = next(seq2)
  197. except StopIteration:
  198. return seq1
  199. return _merge_sorted_key(seq1, seq2, val2, key)
  200. cdef class _merge_sorted_key:
  201. def __cinit__(self, seq1, seq2, val2, key):
  202. self.seq1 = seq1
  203. self.seq2 = seq2
  204. self.key = key
  205. self.val1 = None
  206. self.key1 = None
  207. self.val2 = val2
  208. self.key2 = key(val2)
  209. self.loop = 0
  210. def __iter__(self):
  211. return self
  212. def __next__(self):
  213. if self.loop == 0:
  214. try:
  215. self.val1 = next(self.seq1)
  216. except StopIteration:
  217. self.loop = 2
  218. return self.val2
  219. self.key1 = self.key(self.val1)
  220. if self.key2 < self.key1:
  221. self.loop = 1
  222. return self.val2
  223. return self.val1
  224. elif self.loop == 1:
  225. try:
  226. self.val2 = next(self.seq2)
  227. except StopIteration:
  228. self.loop = 3
  229. return self.val1
  230. self.key2 = self.key(self.val2)
  231. if self.key2 < self.key1:
  232. return self.val2
  233. self.loop = 0
  234. return self.val1
  235. elif self.loop == 2:
  236. return next(self.seq2)
  237. return next(self.seq1)
  238. cdef object c_merge_sorted(object seqs, object key=None):
  239. if len(seqs) == 0:
  240. return iter([])
  241. elif len(seqs) == 1:
  242. return iter(seqs[0])
  243. elif key is None:
  244. return _merge_sorted_binary(seqs)
  245. return _merge_sorted_binary_key(seqs, key)
  246. def merge_sorted(*seqs, **kwargs):
  247. """
  248. Merge and sort a collection of sorted collections
  249. This works lazily and only keeps one value from each iterable in memory.
  250. >>> list(merge_sorted([1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6]))
  251. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
  252. >>> ''.join(merge_sorted('abc', 'abc', 'abc'))
  253. 'aaabbbccc'
  254. The "key" function used to sort the input may be passed as a keyword.
  255. >>> list(merge_sorted([2, 3], [1, 3], key=lambda x: x // 3))
  256. [2, 1, 3, 3]
  257. """
  258. if 'key' in kwargs:
  259. return c_merge_sorted(seqs, kwargs['key'])
  260. return c_merge_sorted(seqs)
  261. cdef class interleave:
  262. """ interleave(seqs)
  263. Interleave a sequence of sequences
  264. >>> list(interleave([[1, 2], [3, 4]]))
  265. [1, 3, 2, 4]
  266. >>> ''.join(interleave(('ABC', 'XY')))
  267. 'AXBYC'
  268. Both the individual sequences and the sequence of sequences may be infinite
  269. Returns a lazy iterator
  270. """
  271. def __cinit__(self, seqs):
  272. self.iters = [iter(seq) for seq in seqs]
  273. self.newiters = []
  274. self.i = 0
  275. self.n = PyList_GET_SIZE(self.iters)
  276. def __iter__(self):
  277. return self
  278. def __next__(self):
  279. # This implementation is similar to what is done in `toolz` in that we
  280. # construct a new list of iterators, `self.newiters`, when a value is
  281. # successfully retrieved from an iterator from `self.iters`.
  282. cdef PyObject *obj
  283. cdef object val
  284. if self.i == self.n:
  285. self.n = PyList_GET_SIZE(self.newiters)
  286. self.i = 0
  287. if self.n == 0:
  288. raise StopIteration
  289. self.iters = self.newiters
  290. self.newiters = []
  291. val = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self.iters, self.i)
  292. self.i += 1
  293. obj = PtrIter_Next(val)
  294. # TODO: optimization opportunity. Previously, it was possible to
  295. # continue on given exceptions, `self.pass_exceptions`, which is
  296. # why this code is structured this way. Time to clean up?
  297. while obj is NULL:
  298. obj = PyErr_Occurred()
  299. if obj is not NULL:
  300. val = <object>obj
  301. PyErr_Clear()
  302. raise val
  303. if self.i == self.n:
  304. self.n = PyList_GET_SIZE(self.newiters)
  305. self.i = 0
  306. if self.n == 0:
  307. raise StopIteration
  308. self.iters = self.newiters
  309. self.newiters = []
  310. val = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self.iters, self.i)
  311. self.i += 1
  312. obj = PtrIter_Next(val)
  313. PyList_Append(self.newiters, val)
  314. val = <object>obj
  315. Py_XDECREF(obj)
  316. return val
  317. cdef class _unique_key:
  318. def __cinit__(self, object seq, object key):
  319. self.iter_seq = iter(seq)
  320. self.key = key
  321. self.seen = set()
  322. def __iter__(self):
  323. return self
  324. def __next__(self):
  325. cdef object item, tag
  326. item = next(self.iter_seq)
  327. tag = self.key(item)
  328. while PySet_Contains(self.seen, tag):
  329. item = next(self.iter_seq)
  330. tag = self.key(item)
  331. PySet_Add(self.seen, tag)
  332. return item
  333. cdef class _unique_identity:
  334. def __cinit__(self, object seq):
  335. self.iter_seq = iter(seq)
  336. self.seen = set()
  337. def __iter__(self):
  338. return self
  339. def __next__(self):
  340. cdef object item
  341. item = next(self.iter_seq)
  342. while PySet_Contains(self.seen, item):
  343. item = next(self.iter_seq)
  344. PySet_Add(self.seen, item)
  345. return item
  346. cpdef object unique(object seq, object key=None):
  347. """
  348. Return only unique elements of a sequence
  349. >>> tuple(unique((1, 2, 3)))
  350. (1, 2, 3)
  351. >>> tuple(unique((1, 2, 1, 3)))
  352. (1, 2, 3)
  353. Uniqueness can be defined by key keyword
  354. >>> tuple(unique(['cat', 'mouse', 'dog', 'hen'], key=len))
  355. ('cat', 'mouse')
  356. """
  357. if key is None:
  358. return _unique_identity(seq)
  359. else:
  360. return _unique_key(seq, key)
  361. cpdef object isiterable(object x):
  362. """
  363. Is x iterable?
  364. >>> isiterable([1, 2, 3])
  365. True
  366. >>> isiterable('abc')
  367. True
  368. >>> isiterable(5)
  369. False
  370. """
  371. try:
  372. iter(x)
  373. return True
  374. except TypeError:
  375. pass
  376. return False
  377. cpdef object isdistinct(object seq):
  378. """
  379. All values in sequence are distinct
  380. >>> isdistinct([1, 2, 3])
  381. True
  382. >>> isdistinct([1, 2, 1])
  383. False
  384. >>> isdistinct("Hello")
  385. False
  386. >>> isdistinct("World")
  387. True
  388. """
  389. if iter(seq) is seq:
  390. seen = set()
  391. for item in seq:
  392. if PySet_Contains(seen, item):
  393. return False
  394. seen.add(item)
  395. return True
  396. else:
  397. return len(seq) == len(set(seq))
  398. cpdef object take(Py_ssize_t n, object seq):
  399. """
  400. The first n elements of a sequence
  401. >>> list(take(2, [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]))
  402. [10, 20]
  403. See Also:
  404. drop
  405. tail
  406. """
  407. return islice(seq, n)
  408. cpdef object tail(Py_ssize_t n, object seq):
  409. """
  410. The last n elements of a sequence
  411. >>> tail(2, [10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
  412. [40, 50]
  413. See Also:
  414. drop
  415. take
  416. """
  417. if PySequence_Check(seq):
  418. return seq[-n:]
  419. return tuple(deque(seq, n))
  420. cpdef object drop(Py_ssize_t n, object seq):
  421. """
  422. The sequence following the first n elements
  423. >>> list(drop(2, [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]))
  424. [30, 40, 50]
  425. See Also:
  426. take
  427. tail
  428. """
  429. if n < 0:
  430. raise ValueError('n argument for drop() must be non-negative')
  431. cdef Py_ssize_t i
  432. cdef object iter_seq
  433. iter_seq = iter(seq)
  434. try:
  435. for i in range(n):
  436. next(iter_seq)
  437. except StopIteration:
  438. pass
  439. return iter_seq
  440. cpdef object take_nth(Py_ssize_t n, object seq):
  441. """
  442. Every nth item in seq
  443. >>> list(take_nth(2, [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]))
  444. [10, 30, 50]
  445. """
  446. return islice(seq, 0, None, n)
  447. cpdef object first(object seq):
  448. """
  449. The first element in a sequence
  450. >>> first('ABC')
  451. 'A'
  452. """
  453. return next(iter(seq))
  454. cpdef object second(object seq):
  455. """
  456. The second element in a sequence
  457. >>> second('ABC')
  458. 'B'
  459. """
  460. seq = iter(seq)
  461. next(seq)
  462. return next(seq)
  463. cpdef object nth(Py_ssize_t n, object seq):
  464. """
  465. The nth element in a sequence
  466. >>> nth(1, 'ABC')
  467. 'B'
  468. """
  469. if PySequence_Check(seq):
  470. return seq[n]
  471. if n < 0:
  472. raise ValueError('"n" must be positive when indexing an iterator')
  473. seq = iter(seq)
  474. while n > 0:
  475. n -= 1
  476. next(seq)
  477. return next(seq)
  478. cpdef object last(object seq):
  479. """
  480. The last element in a sequence
  481. >>> last('ABC')
  482. 'C'
  483. """
  484. cdef object val
  485. if PySequence_Check(seq):
  486. return seq[-1]
  487. val = no_default
  488. for val in seq:
  489. pass
  490. if val == no_default:
  491. raise IndexError
  492. return val
  493. cpdef object rest(object seq):
  494. seq = iter(seq)
  495. next(seq)
  496. return seq
  497. cdef tuple _get_exceptions = (IndexError, KeyError, TypeError)
  498. cdef tuple _get_list_exc = (IndexError, KeyError)
  499. cpdef object get(object ind, object seq, object default='__no__default__'):
  500. """
  501. Get element in a sequence or dict
  502. Provides standard indexing
  503. >>> get(1, 'ABC') # Same as 'ABC'[1]
  504. 'B'
  505. Pass a list to get multiple values
  506. >>> get([1, 2], 'ABC') # ('ABC'[1], 'ABC'[2])
  507. ('B', 'C')
  508. Works on any value that supports indexing/getitem
  509. For example here we see that it works with dictionaries
  510. >>> phonebook = {'Alice': '555-1234',
  511. ... 'Bob': '555-5678',
  512. ... 'Charlie':'555-9999'}
  513. >>> get('Alice', phonebook)
  514. '555-1234'
  515. >>> get(['Alice', 'Bob'], phonebook)
  516. ('555-1234', '555-5678')
  517. Provide a default for missing values
  518. >>> get(['Alice', 'Dennis'], phonebook, None)
  519. ('555-1234', None)
  520. See Also:
  521. pluck
  522. """
  523. cdef Py_ssize_t i
  524. cdef object val
  525. cdef tuple result
  526. cdef PyObject *obj
  527. if isinstance(ind, list):
  528. i = PyList_GET_SIZE(ind)
  529. result = PyTuple_New(i)
  530. # List of indices, no default
  531. if default == no_default:
  532. for i, val in enumerate(ind):
  533. val = seq[val]
  534. Py_INCREF(val)
  535. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, val)
  536. return result
  537. # List of indices with default
  538. for i, val in enumerate(ind):
  539. obj = PtrObject_GetItem(seq, val)
  540. if obj is NULL:
  541. val = <object>PyErr_Occurred()
  542. PyErr_Clear()
  543. if not PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(val, _get_list_exc):
  544. raise val
  545. Py_INCREF(default)
  546. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, default)
  547. else:
  548. val = <object>obj
  549. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, val)
  550. return result
  551. obj = PtrObject_GetItem(seq, ind)
  552. if obj is NULL:
  553. val = <object>PyErr_Occurred()
  554. PyErr_Clear()
  555. if default == no_default:
  556. raise val
  557. if PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(val, _get_exceptions):
  558. return default
  559. raise val
  560. val = <object>obj
  561. Py_XDECREF(obj)
  562. return val
  563. cpdef object concat(object seqs):
  564. """
  565. Concatenate zero or more iterables, any of which may be infinite.
  566. An infinite sequence will prevent the rest of the arguments from
  567. being included.
  568. We use chain.from_iterable rather than ``chain(*seqs)`` so that seqs
  569. can be a generator.
  570. >>> list(concat([[], [1], [2, 3]]))
  571. [1, 2, 3]
  572. See also:
  573. itertools.chain.from_iterable equivalent
  574. """
  575. return chain.from_iterable(seqs)
  576. def concatv(*seqs):
  577. """
  578. Variadic version of concat
  579. >>> list(concatv([], ["a"], ["b", "c"]))
  580. ['a', 'b', 'c']
  581. See also:
  582. itertools.chain
  583. """
  584. return chain.from_iterable(seqs)
  585. cpdef object mapcat(object func, object seqs):
  586. """
  587. Apply func to each sequence in seqs, concatenating results.
  588. >>> list(mapcat(lambda s: [c.upper() for c in s],
  589. ... [["a", "b"], ["c", "d", "e"]]))
  590. ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']
  591. """
  592. return concat(map(func, seqs))
  593. cpdef object cons(object el, object seq):
  594. """
  595. Add el to beginning of (possibly infinite) sequence seq.
  596. >>> list(cons(1, [2, 3]))
  597. [1, 2, 3]
  598. """
  599. return chain((el,), seq)
  600. cdef class interpose:
  601. """ interpose(el, seq)
  602. Introduce element between each pair of elements in seq
  603. >>> list(interpose("a", [1, 2, 3]))
  604. [1, 'a', 2, 'a', 3]
  605. """
  606. def __cinit__(self, object el, object seq):
  607. self.el = el
  608. self.iter_seq = iter(seq)
  609. self.do_el = False
  610. try:
  611. self.val = next(self.iter_seq)
  612. except StopIteration:
  613. self.do_el = True
  614. def __iter__(self):
  615. return self
  616. def __next__(self):
  617. if self.do_el:
  618. self.val = next(self.iter_seq)
  619. self.do_el = False
  620. return self.el
  621. else:
  622. self.do_el = True
  623. return self.val
  624. cpdef dict frequencies(object seq):
  625. """
  626. Find number of occurrences of each value in seq
  627. >>> frequencies(['cat', 'cat', 'ox', 'pig', 'pig', 'cat']) #doctest: +SKIP
  628. {'cat': 3, 'ox': 1, 'pig': 2}
  629. See Also:
  630. countby
  631. groupby
  632. """
  633. cdef dict d = {}
  634. cdef PyObject *obj
  635. cdef Py_ssize_t val
  636. for item in seq:
  637. obj = PyDict_GetItem(d, item)
  638. if obj is NULL:
  639. d[item] = 1
  640. else:
  641. val = <object>obj
  642. d[item] = val + 1
  643. return d
  644. cdef inline object _reduceby_core(dict d, object key, object item, object binop,
  645. object init, bint skip_init, bint call_init):
  646. cdef PyObject *obj = PyDict_GetItem(d, key)
  647. if obj is not NULL:
  648. PyDict_SetItem(d, key, binop(<object>obj, item))
  649. elif skip_init:
  650. PyDict_SetItem(d, key, item)
  651. elif call_init:
  652. PyDict_SetItem(d, key, binop(init(), item))
  653. else:
  654. PyDict_SetItem(d, key, binop(init, item))
  655. cpdef dict reduceby(object key, object binop, object seq, object init='__no__default__'):
  656. """
  657. Perform a simultaneous groupby and reduction
  658. The computation:
  659. >>> result = reduceby(key, binop, seq, init) # doctest: +SKIP
  660. is equivalent to the following:
  661. >>> def reduction(group): # doctest: +SKIP
  662. ... return reduce(binop, group, init) # doctest: +SKIP
  663. >>> groups = groupby(key, seq) # doctest: +SKIP
  664. >>> result = valmap(reduction, groups) # doctest: +SKIP
  665. But the former does not build the intermediate groups, allowing it to
  666. operate in much less space. This makes it suitable for larger datasets
  667. that do not fit comfortably in memory
  668. The ``init`` keyword argument is the default initialization of the
  669. reduction. This can be either a constant value like ``0`` or a callable
  670. like ``lambda : 0`` as might be used in ``defaultdict``.
  671. Simple Examples
  672. ---------------
  673. >>> from operator import add, mul
  674. >>> iseven = lambda x: x % 2 == 0
  675. >>> data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  676. >>> reduceby(iseven, add, data) # doctest: +SKIP
  677. {False: 9, True: 6}
  678. >>> reduceby(iseven, mul, data) # doctest: +SKIP
  679. {False: 15, True: 8}
  680. Complex Example
  681. ---------------
  682. >>> projects = [{'name': 'build roads', 'state': 'CA', 'cost': 1000000},
  683. ... {'name': 'fight crime', 'state': 'IL', 'cost': 100000},
  684. ... {'name': 'help farmers', 'state': 'IL', 'cost': 2000000},
  685. ... {'name': 'help farmers', 'state': 'CA', 'cost': 200000}]
  686. >>> reduceby('state', # doctest: +SKIP
  687. ... lambda acc, x: acc + x['cost'],
  688. ... projects, 0)
  689. {'CA': 1200000, 'IL': 2100000}
  690. Example Using ``init``
  691. ----------------------
  692. >>> def set_add(s, i):
  693. ... s.add(i)
  694. ... return s
  695. >>> reduceby(iseven, set_add, [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3], set) # doctest: +SKIP
  696. {True: set([2, 4]),
  697. False: set([1, 3])}
  698. """
  699. cdef dict d = {}
  700. cdef object item, keyval
  701. cdef Py_ssize_t i, N
  702. cdef bint skip_init = init == no_default
  703. cdef bint call_init = callable(init)
  704. if callable(key):
  705. for item in seq:
  706. keyval = key(item)
  707. _reduceby_core(d, keyval, item, binop, init, skip_init, call_init)
  708. elif isinstance(key, list):
  709. N = PyList_GET_SIZE(key)
  710. for item in seq:
  711. keyval = PyTuple_New(N)
  712. for i in range(N):
  713. val = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(key, i)
  714. val = item[val]
  715. Py_INCREF(val)
  716. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(keyval, i, val)
  717. _reduceby_core(d, keyval, item, binop, init, skip_init, call_init)
  718. else:
  719. for item in seq:
  720. keyval = item[key]
  721. _reduceby_core(d, keyval, item, binop, init, skip_init, call_init)
  722. return d
  723. cdef class iterate:
  724. """ iterate(func, x)
  725. Repeatedly apply a function func onto an original input
  726. Yields x, then func(x), then func(func(x)), then func(func(func(x))), etc..
  727. >>> def inc(x): return x + 1
  728. >>> counter = iterate(inc, 0)
  729. >>> next(counter)
  730. 0
  731. >>> next(counter)
  732. 1
  733. >>> next(counter)
  734. 2
  735. >>> double = lambda x: x * 2
  736. >>> powers_of_two = iterate(double, 1)
  737. >>> next(powers_of_two)
  738. 1
  739. >>> next(powers_of_two)
  740. 2
  741. >>> next(powers_of_two)
  742. 4
  743. >>> next(powers_of_two)
  744. 8
  745. """
  746. def __cinit__(self, object func, object x):
  747. self.func = func
  748. self.x = x
  749. self.val = self # sentinel
  750. def __iter__(self):
  751. return self
  752. def __next__(self):
  753. if self.val is self:
  754. self.val = self.x
  755. else:
  756. self.x = self.func(self.x)
  757. return self.x
  758. cdef class sliding_window:
  759. """ sliding_window(n, seq)
  760. A sequence of overlapping subsequences
  761. >>> list(sliding_window(2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))
  762. [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)]
  763. This function creates a sliding window suitable for transformations like
  764. sliding means / smoothing
  765. >>> mean = lambda seq: float(sum(seq)) / len(seq)
  766. >>> list(map(mean, sliding_window(2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))
  767. [1.5, 2.5, 3.5]
  768. """
  769. def __cinit__(self, Py_ssize_t n, object seq):
  770. cdef Py_ssize_t i
  771. self.iterseq = iter(seq)
  772. self.prev = PyTuple_New(n)
  773. for i, seq in enumerate(islice(self.iterseq, n-1), 1):
  774. Py_INCREF(seq)
  775. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(self.prev, i, seq)
  776. self.n = n
  777. def __iter__(self):
  778. return self
  779. def __next__(self):
  780. cdef tuple current
  781. cdef object item
  782. cdef Py_ssize_t i
  783. item = next(self.iterseq)
  784. current = PyTuple_New(self.n)
  785. Py_INCREF(item)
  786. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(current, self.n-1, item)
  787. for i in range(1, self.n):
  788. item = self.prev[i]
  789. Py_INCREF(item)
  790. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(current, i-1, item)
  791. self.prev = current
  792. return current
  793. no_pad = '__no__pad__'
  794. cpdef object partition(Py_ssize_t n, object seq, object pad='__no__pad__'):
  795. """
  796. Partition sequence into tuples of length n
  797. >>> list(partition(2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))
  798. [(1, 2), (3, 4)]
  799. If the length of ``seq`` is not evenly divisible by ``n``, the final tuple
  800. is dropped if ``pad`` is not specified, or filled to length ``n`` by pad:
  801. >>> list(partition(2, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
  802. [(1, 2), (3, 4)]
  803. >>> list(partition(2, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], pad=None))
  804. [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, None)]
  805. See Also:
  806. partition_all
  807. """
  808. args = [iter(seq)] * n
  809. if pad == '__no__pad__':
  810. return zip(*args)
  811. else:
  812. return zip_longest(*args, fillvalue=pad)
  813. cdef class partition_all:
  814. """ partition_all(n, seq)
  815. Partition all elements of sequence into tuples of length at most n
  816. The final tuple may be shorter to accommodate extra elements.
  817. >>> list(partition_all(2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))
  818. [(1, 2), (3, 4)]
  819. >>> list(partition_all(2, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
  820. [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5,)]
  821. See Also:
  822. partition
  823. """
  824. def __cinit__(self, Py_ssize_t n, object seq):
  825. self.n = n
  826. self.iterseq = iter(seq)
  827. def __iter__(self):
  828. return self
  829. def __next__(self):
  830. cdef tuple result
  831. cdef object item
  832. cdef Py_ssize_t i = 0
  833. result = PyTuple_New(self.n)
  834. for item in self.iterseq:
  835. Py_INCREF(item)
  836. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, item)
  837. i += 1
  838. if i == self.n:
  839. return result
  840. # iterable exhausted before filling the tuple
  841. if i == 0:
  842. raise StopIteration
  843. return PyTuple_GetSlice(result, 0, i)
  844. cpdef object count(object seq):
  845. """
  846. Count the number of items in seq
  847. Like the builtin ``len`` but works on lazy sequencies.
  848. Not to be confused with ``itertools.count``
  849. See also:
  850. len
  851. """
  852. if iter(seq) is not seq and hasattr(seq, '__len__'):
  853. return len(seq)
  854. cdef Py_ssize_t i = 0
  855. for _ in seq:
  856. i += 1
  857. return i
  858. cdef class _pluck_index:
  859. def __cinit__(self, object ind, object seqs):
  860. self.ind = ind
  861. self.iterseqs = iter(seqs)
  862. def __iter__(self):
  863. return self
  864. def __next__(self):
  865. val = next(self.iterseqs)
  866. return val[self.ind]
  867. cdef class _pluck_index_default:
  868. def __cinit__(self, object ind, object seqs, object default):
  869. self.ind = ind
  870. self.iterseqs = iter(seqs)
  871. self.default = default
  872. def __iter__(self):
  873. return self
  874. def __next__(self):
  875. cdef PyObject *obj
  876. cdef object val
  877. val = next(self.iterseqs)
  878. obj = PtrObject_GetItem(val, self.ind)
  879. if obj is NULL:
  880. val = <object>PyErr_Occurred()
  881. PyErr_Clear()
  882. if not PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(val, _get_exceptions):
  883. raise val
  884. return self.default
  885. val = <object>obj
  886. Py_XDECREF(obj)
  887. return val
  888. cdef class _pluck_list:
  889. def __cinit__(self, list ind not None, object seqs):
  890. self.ind = ind
  891. self.iterseqs = iter(seqs)
  892. self.n = len(ind)
  893. def __iter__(self):
  894. return self
  895. def __next__(self):
  896. cdef Py_ssize_t i
  897. cdef tuple result
  898. cdef object val, seq
  899. seq = next(self.iterseqs)
  900. result = PyTuple_New(self.n)
  901. for i, val in enumerate(self.ind):
  902. val = seq[val]
  903. Py_INCREF(val)
  904. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, val)
  905. return result
  906. cdef class _pluck_list_default:
  907. def __cinit__(self, list ind not None, object seqs, object default):
  908. self.ind = ind
  909. self.iterseqs = iter(seqs)
  910. self.default = default
  911. self.n = len(ind)
  912. def __iter__(self):
  913. return self
  914. def __next__(self):
  915. cdef Py_ssize_t i
  916. cdef object val, seq
  917. cdef tuple result
  918. seq = next(self.iterseqs)
  919. result = PyTuple_New(self.n)
  920. for i, val in enumerate(self.ind):
  921. obj = PtrObject_GetItem(seq, val)
  922. if obj is NULL:
  923. val = <object>PyErr_Occurred()
  924. PyErr_Clear()
  925. if not PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(val, _get_list_exc):
  926. raise val
  927. Py_INCREF(self.default)
  928. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, self.default)
  929. else:
  930. val = <object>obj
  931. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, val)
  932. return result
  933. cpdef object pluck(object ind, object seqs, object default='__no__default__'):
  934. """
  935. plucks an element or several elements from each item in a sequence.
  936. ``pluck`` maps ``itertoolz.get`` over a sequence and returns one or more
  937. elements of each item in the sequence.
  938. This is equivalent to running `map(curried.get(ind), seqs)`
  939. ``ind`` can be either a single string/index or a list of strings/indices.
  940. ``seqs`` should be sequence containing sequences or dicts.
  941. e.g.
  942. >>> data = [{'id': 1, 'name': 'Cheese'}, {'id': 2, 'name': 'Pies'}]
  943. >>> list(pluck('name', data))
  944. ['Cheese', 'Pies']
  945. >>> list(pluck([0, 1], [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 7]]))
  946. [(1, 2), (4, 5)]
  947. See Also:
  948. get
  949. map
  950. """
  951. if isinstance(ind, list):
  952. if default != no_default:
  953. return _pluck_list_default(ind, seqs, default)
  954. if PyList_GET_SIZE(ind) < 10:
  955. return _pluck_list(ind, seqs)
  956. return map(itemgetter(*ind), seqs)
  957. if default == no_default:
  958. return _pluck_index(ind, seqs)
  959. return _pluck_index_default(ind, seqs, default)
  960. cdef class _getter_index:
  961. def __cinit__(self, object ind):
  962. self.ind = ind
  963. def __call__(self, object seq):
  964. return seq[self.ind]
  965. cdef class _getter_list:
  966. def __cinit__(self, list ind not None):
  967. self.ind = ind
  968. self.n = len(ind)
  969. def __call__(self, object seq):
  970. cdef Py_ssize_t i
  971. cdef tuple result
  972. cdef object val
  973. result = PyTuple_New(self.n)
  974. for i, val in enumerate(self.ind):
  975. val = seq[val]
  976. Py_INCREF(val)
  977. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, i, val)
  978. return result
  979. cdef class _getter_null:
  980. def __call__(self, object seq):
  981. return ()
  982. # TODO: benchmark getters (and compare against itemgetter)
  983. cpdef object getter(object index):
  984. if isinstance(index, list):
  985. if PyList_GET_SIZE(index) == 0:
  986. return _getter_null()
  987. elif PyList_GET_SIZE(index) < 10:
  988. return _getter_list(index)
  989. return itemgetter(*index)
  990. return _getter_index(index)
  991. cpdef object join(object leftkey, object leftseq,
  992. object rightkey, object rightseq,
  993. object left_default='__no__default__',
  994. object right_default='__no__default__'):
  995. """
  996. Join two sequences on common attributes
  997. This is a semi-streaming operation. The LEFT sequence is fully evaluated
  998. and placed into memory. The RIGHT sequence is evaluated lazily and so can
  999. be arbitrarily large.
  1000. (Note: If right_default is defined, then unique keys of rightseq
  1001. will also be stored in memory.)
  1002. >>> friends = [('Alice', 'Edith'),
  1003. ... ('Alice', 'Zhao'),
  1004. ... ('Edith', 'Alice'),
  1005. ... ('Zhao', 'Alice'),
  1006. ... ('Zhao', 'Edith')]
  1007. >>> cities = [('Alice', 'NYC'),
  1008. ... ('Alice', 'Chicago'),
  1009. ... ('Dan', 'Syndey'),
  1010. ... ('Edith', 'Paris'),
  1011. ... ('Edith', 'Berlin'),
  1012. ... ('Zhao', 'Shanghai')]
  1013. >>> # Vacation opportunities
  1014. >>> # In what cities do people have friends?
  1015. >>> result = join(second, friends,
  1016. ... first, cities)
  1017. >>> for ((a, b), (c, d)) in sorted(unique(result)):
  1018. ... print((a, d))
  1019. ('Alice', 'Berlin')
  1020. ('Alice', 'Paris')
  1021. ('Alice', 'Shanghai')
  1022. ('Edith', 'Chicago')
  1023. ('Edith', 'NYC')
  1024. ('Zhao', 'Chicago')
  1025. ('Zhao', 'NYC')
  1026. ('Zhao', 'Berlin')
  1027. ('Zhao', 'Paris')
  1028. Specify outer joins with keyword arguments ``left_default`` and/or
  1029. ``right_default``. Here is a full outer join in which unmatched elements
  1030. are paired with None.
  1031. >>> identity = lambda x: x
  1032. >>> list(join(identity, [1, 2, 3],
  1033. ... identity, [2, 3, 4],
  1034. ... left_default=None, right_default=None))
  1035. [(2, 2), (3, 3), (None, 4), (1, None)]
  1036. Usually the key arguments are callables to be applied to the sequences. If
  1037. the keys are not obviously callable then it is assumed that indexing was
  1038. intended, e.g. the following is a legal change.
  1039. The join is implemented as a hash join and the keys of leftseq must be
  1040. hashable. Additionally, if right_default is defined, then keys of rightseq
  1041. must also be hashable.
  1042. >>> # result = join(second, friends, first, cities)
  1043. >>> result = join(1, friends, 0, cities) # doctest: +SKIP
  1044. """
  1045. if left_default == no_default and right_default == no_default:
  1046. if callable(rightkey):
  1047. return _inner_join_key(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1048. left_default, right_default)
  1049. elif isinstance(rightkey, list):
  1050. return _inner_join_indices(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1051. left_default, right_default)
  1052. else:
  1053. return _inner_join_index(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1054. left_default, right_default)
  1055. elif left_default != no_default and right_default == no_default:
  1056. if callable(rightkey):
  1057. return _right_outer_join_key(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1058. left_default, right_default)
  1059. elif isinstance(rightkey, list):
  1060. return _right_outer_join_indices(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1061. left_default, right_default)
  1062. else:
  1063. return _right_outer_join_index(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1064. left_default, right_default)
  1065. elif left_default == no_default and right_default != no_default:
  1066. if callable(rightkey):
  1067. return _left_outer_join_key(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1068. left_default, right_default)
  1069. elif isinstance(rightkey, list):
  1070. return _left_outer_join_indices(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1071. left_default, right_default)
  1072. else:
  1073. return _left_outer_join_index(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1074. left_default, right_default)
  1075. else:
  1076. if callable(rightkey):
  1077. return _outer_join_key(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1078. left_default, right_default)
  1079. elif isinstance(rightkey, list):
  1080. return _outer_join_indices(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1081. left_default, right_default)
  1082. else:
  1083. return _outer_join_index(leftkey, leftseq, rightkey, rightseq,
  1084. left_default, right_default)
  1085. cdef class _join:
  1086. def __cinit__(self,
  1087. object leftkey, object leftseq,
  1088. object rightkey, object rightseq,
  1089. object left_default=no_default,
  1090. object right_default=no_default):
  1091. self.left_default = left_default
  1092. self.right_default = right_default
  1093. self._rightkey = rightkey
  1094. self.rightseq = iter(rightseq)
  1095. if isinstance(rightkey, list):
  1096. self.N = len(rightkey)
  1097. self.d = groupby(leftkey, leftseq)
  1098. self.seen_keys = set()
  1099. self.matches = []
  1100. self.right = None
  1101. self.is_rightseq_exhausted = False
  1102. def __iter__(self):
  1103. return self
  1104. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1105. pass
  1106. cdef class _right_outer_join(_join):
  1107. def __next__(self):
  1108. cdef PyObject *obj
  1109. if self.i == PyList_GET_SIZE(self.matches):
  1110. self.right = next(self.rightseq)
  1111. key = self.rightkey()
  1112. obj = PyDict_GetItem(self.d, key)
  1113. if obj is NULL:
  1114. return (self.left_default, self.right)
  1115. self.matches = <object>obj
  1116. self.i = 0
  1117. match = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self.matches, self.i) # skip error checking
  1118. self.i += 1
  1119. return (match, self.right)
  1120. cdef class _right_outer_join_key(_right_outer_join):
  1121. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1122. return self._rightkey(self.right)
  1123. cdef class _right_outer_join_index(_right_outer_join):
  1124. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1125. return self.right[self._rightkey]
  1126. cdef class _right_outer_join_indices(_right_outer_join):
  1127. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1128. keyval = PyTuple_New(self.N)
  1129. for i in range(self.N):
  1130. val = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self._rightkey, i)
  1131. val = self.right[val]
  1132. Py_INCREF(val)
  1133. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(keyval, i, val)
  1134. return keyval
  1135. cdef class _outer_join(_join):
  1136. def __next__(self):
  1137. cdef PyObject *obj
  1138. if not self.is_rightseq_exhausted:
  1139. if self.i == PyList_GET_SIZE(self.matches):
  1140. try:
  1141. self.right = next(self.rightseq)
  1142. except StopIteration:
  1143. self.is_rightseq_exhausted = True
  1144. self.keys = iter(self.d)
  1145. return next(self)
  1146. key = self.rightkey()
  1147. PySet_Add(self.seen_keys, key)
  1148. obj = PyDict_GetItem(self.d, key)
  1149. if obj is NULL:
  1150. return (self.left_default, self.right)
  1151. self.matches = <object>obj
  1152. self.i = 0
  1153. match = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self.matches, self.i) # skip error checking
  1154. self.i += 1
  1155. return (match, self.right)
  1156. else:
  1157. if self.i == PyList_GET_SIZE(self.matches):
  1158. key = next(self.keys)
  1159. while key in self.seen_keys:
  1160. key = next(self.keys)
  1161. obj = PyDict_GetItem(self.d, key)
  1162. self.matches = <object>obj
  1163. self.i = 0
  1164. match = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self.matches, self.i) # skip error checking
  1165. self.i += 1
  1166. return (match, self.right_default)
  1167. cdef class _outer_join_key(_outer_join):
  1168. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1169. return self._rightkey(self.right)
  1170. cdef class _outer_join_index(_outer_join):
  1171. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1172. return self.right[self._rightkey]
  1173. cdef class _outer_join_indices(_outer_join):
  1174. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1175. keyval = PyTuple_New(self.N)
  1176. for i in range(self.N):
  1177. val = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self._rightkey, i)
  1178. val = self.right[val]
  1179. Py_INCREF(val)
  1180. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(keyval, i, val)
  1181. return keyval
  1182. cdef class _left_outer_join(_join):
  1183. def __next__(self):
  1184. cdef PyObject *obj
  1185. if not self.is_rightseq_exhausted:
  1186. if self.i == PyList_GET_SIZE(self.matches):
  1187. obj = NULL
  1188. while obj is NULL:
  1189. try:
  1190. self.right = next(self.rightseq)
  1191. except StopIteration:
  1192. self.is_rightseq_exhausted = True
  1193. self.keys = iter(self.d)
  1194. return next(self)
  1195. key = self.rightkey()
  1196. PySet_Add(self.seen_keys, key)
  1197. obj = PyDict_GetItem(self.d, key)
  1198. self.matches = <object>obj
  1199. self.i = 0
  1200. match = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self.matches, self.i) # skip error checking
  1201. self.i += 1
  1202. return (match, self.right)
  1203. else:
  1204. if self.i == PyList_GET_SIZE(self.matches):
  1205. key = next(self.keys)
  1206. while key in self.seen_keys:
  1207. key = next(self.keys)
  1208. obj = PyDict_GetItem(self.d, key)
  1209. self.matches = <object>obj
  1210. self.i = 0
  1211. match = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self.matches, self.i) # skip error checking
  1212. self.i += 1
  1213. return (match, self.right_default)
  1214. cdef class _left_outer_join_key(_left_outer_join):
  1215. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1216. return self._rightkey(self.right)
  1217. cdef class _left_outer_join_index(_left_outer_join):
  1218. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1219. return self.right[self._rightkey]
  1220. cdef class _left_outer_join_indices(_left_outer_join):
  1221. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1222. keyval = PyTuple_New(self.N)
  1223. for i in range(self.N):
  1224. val = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self._rightkey, i)
  1225. val = self.right[val]
  1226. Py_INCREF(val)
  1227. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(keyval, i, val)
  1228. return keyval
  1229. cdef class _inner_join(_join):
  1230. def __next__(self):
  1231. cdef PyObject *obj = NULL
  1232. if self.i == PyList_GET_SIZE(self.matches):
  1233. while obj is NULL:
  1234. self.right = next(self.rightseq)
  1235. key = self.rightkey()
  1236. obj = PyDict_GetItem(self.d, key)
  1237. self.matches = <object>obj
  1238. self.i = 0
  1239. match = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self.matches, self.i) # skip error checking
  1240. self.i += 1
  1241. return (match, self.right)
  1242. cdef class _inner_join_key(_inner_join):
  1243. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1244. return self._rightkey(self.right)
  1245. cdef class _inner_join_index(_inner_join):
  1246. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1247. return self.right[self._rightkey]
  1248. cdef class _inner_join_indices(_inner_join):
  1249. cdef object rightkey(self):
  1250. keyval = PyTuple_New(self.N)
  1251. for i in range(self.N):
  1252. val = <object>PyList_GET_ITEM(self._rightkey, i)
  1253. val = self.right[val]
  1254. Py_INCREF(val)
  1255. PyTuple_SET_ITEM(keyval, i, val)
  1256. return keyval
  1257. cdef class _diff_key:
  1258. def __cinit__(self, object seqs, object key, object default=no_default):
  1259. self.N = len(seqs)
  1260. if self.N < 2:
  1261. raise TypeError('Too few sequences given (min 2 required)')
  1262. if default == no_default:
  1263. self.iters = zip(*seqs)
  1264. else:
  1265. self.iters = zip_longest(*seqs, fillvalue=default)
  1266. self.key = key
  1267. def __iter__(self):
  1268. return self
  1269. def __next__(self):
  1270. cdef object val, val2, items
  1271. cdef Py_ssize_t i
  1272. while True:
  1273. items = next(self.iters)
  1274. val = self.key(<object>PyTuple_GET_ITEM(items, 0))
  1275. for i in range(1, self.N):
  1276. val2 = self.key(<object>PyTuple_GET_ITEM(items, i))
  1277. if PyObject_RichCompareBool(val, val2, Py_NE):
  1278. return items
  1279. cdef class _diff_identity:
  1280. def __cinit__(self, object seqs, object default=no_default):
  1281. self.N = len(seqs)
  1282. if self.N < 2:
  1283. raise TypeError('Too few sequences given (min 2 required)')
  1284. if default == no_default:
  1285. self.iters = zip(*seqs)
  1286. else:
  1287. self.iters = zip_longest(*seqs, fillvalue=default)
  1288. def __iter__(self):
  1289. return self
  1290. def __next__(self):
  1291. cdef object val, val2, items
  1292. cdef Py_ssize_t i
  1293. while True:
  1294. items = next(self.iters)
  1295. val = <object>PyTuple_GET_ITEM(items, 0)
  1296. for i in range(1, self.N):
  1297. val2 = <object>PyTuple_GET_ITEM(items, i)
  1298. if PyObject_RichCompareBool(val, val2, Py_NE):
  1299. return items
  1300. cdef object c_diff(object seqs, object default=no_default, object key=None):
  1301. if key is None:
  1302. return _diff_identity(seqs, default=default)
  1303. else:
  1304. return _diff_key(seqs, key, default=default)
  1305. def diff(*seqs, **kwargs):
  1306. """
  1307. Return those items that differ between sequences
  1308. >>> list(diff([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 10, 100]))
  1309. [(3, 10)]
  1310. Shorter sequences may be padded with a ``default`` value:
  1311. >>> list(diff([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 10, 100], default=None))
  1312. [(3, 10), (None, 100)]
  1313. A ``key`` function may also be applied to each item to use during
  1314. comparisons:
  1315. >>> list(diff(['apples', 'bananas'], ['Apples', 'Oranges'], key=str.lower))
  1316. [('bananas', 'Oranges')]
  1317. """
  1318. N = len(seqs)
  1319. if N == 1 and isinstance(seqs[0], list):
  1320. seqs = seqs[0]
  1321. default = kwargs.get('default', no_default)
  1322. key = kwargs.get('key')
  1323. return c_diff(seqs, default=default, key=key)
  1324. cpdef object topk(Py_ssize_t k, object seq, object key=None):
  1325. """
  1326. Find the k largest elements of a sequence
  1327. Operates lazily in ``n*log(k)`` time
  1328. >>> topk(2, [1, 100, 10, 1000])
  1329. (1000, 100)
  1330. Use a key function to change sorted order
  1331. >>> topk(2, ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'Dan'], key=len)
  1332. ('Charlie', 'Alice')
  1333. See also:
  1334. heapq.nlargest
  1335. """
  1336. cdef object item, val, top
  1337. cdef object it = iter(seq)
  1338. cdef object _heapreplace = heapreplace
  1339. cdef Py_ssize_t i = k
  1340. cdef list pq = []
  1341. if key is not None and not callable(key):
  1342. key = getter(key)
  1343. if k < 2:
  1344. if k < 1:
  1345. return ()
  1346. top = list(take(1, it))
  1347. if len(top) == 0:
  1348. return ()
  1349. it = concatv(top, it)
  1350. if key is None:
  1351. return (max(it),)
  1352. else:
  1353. return (max(it, key=key),)
  1354. for item in it:
  1355. if key is None:
  1356. PyList_Append(pq, (item, i))
  1357. else:
  1358. PyList_Append(pq, (key(item), i, item))
  1359. i -= 1
  1360. if i == 0:
  1361. break
  1362. if i != 0:
  1363. pq.sort(reverse=True)
  1364. k = 0 if key is None else 2
  1365. return tuple([item[k] for item in pq])
  1366. heapify(pq)
  1367. top = pq[0][0]
  1368. if key is None:
  1369. for item in it:
  1370. if top < item:
  1371. _heapreplace(pq, (item, i))
  1372. top = pq[0][0]
  1373. i -= 1
  1374. else:
  1375. for item in it:
  1376. val = key(item)
  1377. if top < val:
  1378. _heapreplace(pq, (val, i, item))
  1379. top = pq[0][0]
  1380. i -= 1
  1381. pq.sort(reverse=True)
  1382. k = 0 if key is None else 2
  1383. return tuple([item[k] for item in pq])
  1384. cpdef object peek(object seq):
  1385. """
  1386. Retrieve the next element of a sequence
  1387. Returns the first element and an iterable equivalent to the original
  1388. sequence, still having the element retrieved.
  1389. >>> seq = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
  1390. >>> first, seq = peek(seq)
  1391. >>> first
  1392. 0
  1393. >>> list(seq)
  1394. [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
  1395. """
  1396. iterator = iter(seq)
  1397. item = next(iterator)
  1398. return item, chain((item,), iterator)
  1399. cpdef object peekn(Py_ssize_t n, object seq):
  1400. """
  1401. Retrieve the next n elements of a sequence
  1402. Returns a tuple of the first n elements and an iterable equivalent
  1403. to the original, still having the elements retrieved.
  1404. >>> seq = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
  1405. >>> first_two, seq = peekn(2, seq)
  1406. >>> first_two
  1407. (0, 1)
  1408. >>> list(seq)
  1409. [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
  1410. """
  1411. iterator = iter(seq)
  1412. peeked = tuple(take(n, iterator))
  1413. return peeked, chain(iter(peeked), iterator)
  1414. cdef class random_sample:
  1415. """ random_sample(prob, seq, random_state=None)
  1416. Return elements from a sequence with probability of prob
  1417. Returns a lazy iterator of random items from seq.
  1418. ``random_sample`` considers each item independently and without
  1419. replacement. See below how the first time it returned 13 items and the
  1420. next time it returned 6 items.
  1421. >>> seq = list(range(100))
  1422. >>> list(random_sample(0.1, seq)) # doctest: +SKIP
  1423. [6, 9, 19, 35, 45, 50, 58, 62, 68, 72, 78, 86, 95]
  1424. >>> list(random_sample(0.1, seq)) # doctest: +SKIP
  1425. [6, 44, 54, 61, 69, 94]
  1426. Providing an integer seed for ``random_state`` will result in
  1427. deterministic sampling. Given the same seed it will return the same sample
  1428. every time.
  1429. >>> list(random_sample(0.1, seq, random_state=2016))
  1430. [7, 9, 19, 25, 30, 32, 34, 48, 59, 60, 81, 98]
  1431. >>> list(random_sample(0.1, seq, random_state=2016))
  1432. [7, 9, 19, 25, 30, 32, 34, 48, 59, 60, 81, 98]
  1433. ``random_state`` can also be any object with a method ``random`` that
  1434. returns floats between 0.0 and 1.0 (exclusive).
  1435. >>> from random import Random
  1436. >>> randobj = Random(2016)
  1437. >>> list(random_sample(0.1, seq, random_state=randobj))
  1438. [7, 9, 19, 25, 30, 32, 34, 48, 59, 60, 81, 98]
  1439. """
  1440. def __cinit__(self, object prob, object seq, random_state=None):
  1441. float(prob)
  1442. self.prob = prob
  1443. self.iter_seq = iter(seq)
  1444. if not hasattr(random_state, 'random'):
  1445. random_state = Random(random_state)
  1446. self.random_func = random_state.random
  1447. def __iter__(self):
  1448. return self
  1449. def __next__(self):
  1450. while True:
  1451. if self.random_func() < self.prob:
  1452. return next(self.iter_seq)
  1453. next(self.iter_seq)