exporters.py 13 KB

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  1. """
  2. Item Exporters are used to export/serialize items into different formats.
  3. """
  4. import csv
  5. import io
  6. import sys
  7. import pprint
  8. import marshal
  9. import six
  10. from six.moves import cPickle as pickle
  11. from xml.sax.saxutils import XMLGenerator
  12. from scrapy.utils.serialize import ScrapyJSONEncoder
  13. from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes, to_unicode, to_native_str, is_listlike
  14. from scrapy.item import BaseItem
  15. from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
  16. import warnings
  17. __all__ = ['BaseItemExporter', 'PprintItemExporter', 'PickleItemExporter',
  18. 'CsvItemExporter', 'XmlItemExporter', 'JsonLinesItemExporter',
  19. 'JsonItemExporter', 'MarshalItemExporter']
  20. class BaseItemExporter(object):
  21. def __init__(self, **kwargs):
  22. self._configure(kwargs)
  23. def _configure(self, options, dont_fail=False):
  24. """Configure the exporter by poping options from the ``options`` dict.
  25. If dont_fail is set, it won't raise an exception on unexpected options
  26. (useful for using with keyword arguments in subclasses constructors)
  27. """
  28. self.encoding = options.pop('encoding', None)
  29. self.fields_to_export = options.pop('fields_to_export', None)
  30. self.export_empty_fields = options.pop('export_empty_fields', False)
  31. self.indent = options.pop('indent', None)
  32. if not dont_fail and options:
  33. raise TypeError("Unexpected options: %s" % ', '.join(options.keys()))
  34. def export_item(self, item):
  35. raise NotImplementedError
  36. def serialize_field(self, field, name, value):
  37. serializer = field.get('serializer', lambda x: x)
  38. return serializer(value)
  39. def start_exporting(self):
  40. pass
  41. def finish_exporting(self):
  42. pass
  43. def _get_serialized_fields(self, item, default_value=None, include_empty=None):
  44. """Return the fields to export as an iterable of tuples
  45. (name, serialized_value)
  46. """
  47. if include_empty is None:
  48. include_empty = self.export_empty_fields
  49. if self.fields_to_export is None:
  50. if include_empty and not isinstance(item, dict):
  51. field_iter = six.iterkeys(item.fields)
  52. else:
  53. field_iter = six.iterkeys(item)
  54. else:
  55. if include_empty:
  56. field_iter = self.fields_to_export
  57. else:
  58. field_iter = (x for x in self.fields_to_export if x in item)
  59. for field_name in field_iter:
  60. if field_name in item:
  61. field = {} if isinstance(item, dict) else item.fields[field_name]
  62. value = self.serialize_field(field, field_name, item[field_name])
  63. else:
  64. value = default_value
  65. yield field_name, value
  66. class JsonLinesItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
  67. def __init__(self, file, **kwargs):
  68. self._configure(kwargs, dont_fail=True)
  69. self.file = file
  70. kwargs.setdefault('ensure_ascii', not self.encoding)
  71. self.encoder = ScrapyJSONEncoder(**kwargs)
  72. def export_item(self, item):
  73. itemdict = dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item))
  74. data = self.encoder.encode(itemdict) + '\n'
  75. self.file.write(to_bytes(data, self.encoding))
  76. class JsonItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
  77. def __init__(self, file, **kwargs):
  78. self._configure(kwargs, dont_fail=True)
  79. self.file = file
  80. # there is a small difference between the behaviour or JsonItemExporter.indent
  81. # and ScrapyJSONEncoder.indent. ScrapyJSONEncoder.indent=None is needed to prevent
  82. # the addition of newlines everywhere
  83. json_indent = self.indent if self.indent is not None and self.indent > 0 else None
  84. kwargs.setdefault('indent', json_indent)
  85. kwargs.setdefault('ensure_ascii', not self.encoding)
  86. self.encoder = ScrapyJSONEncoder(**kwargs)
  87. self.first_item = True
  88. def _beautify_newline(self):
  89. if self.indent is not None:
  90. self.file.write(b'\n')
  91. def start_exporting(self):
  92. self.file.write(b"[")
  93. self._beautify_newline()
  94. def finish_exporting(self):
  95. self._beautify_newline()
  96. self.file.write(b"]")
  97. def export_item(self, item):
  98. if self.first_item:
  99. self.first_item = False
  100. else:
  101. self.file.write(b',')
  102. self._beautify_newline()
  103. itemdict = dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item))
  104. data = self.encoder.encode(itemdict)
  105. self.file.write(to_bytes(data, self.encoding))
  106. class XmlItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
  107. def __init__(self, file, **kwargs):
  108. self.item_element = kwargs.pop('item_element', 'item')
  109. self.root_element = kwargs.pop('root_element', 'items')
  110. self._configure(kwargs)
  111. if not self.encoding:
  112. self.encoding = 'utf-8'
  113. self.xg = XMLGenerator(file, encoding=self.encoding)
  114. def _beautify_newline(self, new_item=False):
  115. if self.indent is not None and (self.indent > 0 or new_item):
  116. self._xg_characters('\n')
  117. def _beautify_indent(self, depth=1):
  118. if self.indent:
  119. self._xg_characters(' ' * self.indent * depth)
  120. def start_exporting(self):
  121. self.xg.startDocument()
  122. self.xg.startElement(self.root_element, {})
  123. self._beautify_newline(new_item=True)
  124. def export_item(self, item):
  125. self._beautify_indent(depth=1)
  126. self.xg.startElement(self.item_element, {})
  127. self._beautify_newline()
  128. for name, value in self._get_serialized_fields(item, default_value=''):
  129. self._export_xml_field(name, value, depth=2)
  130. self._beautify_indent(depth=1)
  131. self.xg.endElement(self.item_element)
  132. self._beautify_newline(new_item=True)
  133. def finish_exporting(self):
  134. self.xg.endElement(self.root_element)
  135. self.xg.endDocument()
  136. def _export_xml_field(self, name, serialized_value, depth):
  137. self._beautify_indent(depth=depth)
  138. self.xg.startElement(name, {})
  139. if hasattr(serialized_value, 'items'):
  140. self._beautify_newline()
  141. for subname, value in serialized_value.items():
  142. self._export_xml_field(subname, value, depth=depth+1)
  143. self._beautify_indent(depth=depth)
  144. elif is_listlike(serialized_value):
  145. self._beautify_newline()
  146. for value in serialized_value:
  147. self._export_xml_field('value', value, depth=depth+1)
  148. self._beautify_indent(depth=depth)
  149. elif isinstance(serialized_value, six.text_type):
  150. self._xg_characters(serialized_value)
  151. else:
  152. self._xg_characters(str(serialized_value))
  153. self.xg.endElement(name)
  154. self._beautify_newline()
  155. # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue17606
  156. # Before Python 2.7.4 xml.sax.saxutils required bytes;
  157. # since 2.7.4 it requires unicode. The bug is likely to be
  158. # fixed in 2.7.6, but 2.7.6 will still support unicode,
  159. # and Python 3.x will require unicode, so ">= 2.7.4" should be fine.
  160. if sys.version_info[:3] >= (2, 7, 4):
  161. def _xg_characters(self, serialized_value):
  162. if not isinstance(serialized_value, six.text_type):
  163. serialized_value = serialized_value.decode(self.encoding)
  164. return self.xg.characters(serialized_value)
  165. else: # pragma: no cover
  166. def _xg_characters(self, serialized_value):
  167. return self.xg.characters(serialized_value)
  168. class CsvItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
  169. def __init__(self, file, include_headers_line=True, join_multivalued=',', **kwargs):
  170. self._configure(kwargs, dont_fail=True)
  171. if not self.encoding:
  172. self.encoding = 'utf-8'
  173. self.include_headers_line = include_headers_line
  174. self.stream = io.TextIOWrapper(
  175. file,
  176. line_buffering=False,
  177. write_through=True,
  178. encoding=self.encoding,
  179. newline='' # Windows needs this https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/3034
  180. ) if six.PY3 else file
  181. self.csv_writer = csv.writer(self.stream, **kwargs)
  182. self._headers_not_written = True
  183. self._join_multivalued = join_multivalued
  184. def serialize_field(self, field, name, value):
  185. serializer = field.get('serializer', self._join_if_needed)
  186. return serializer(value)
  187. def _join_if_needed(self, value):
  188. if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
  189. try:
  190. return self._join_multivalued.join(value)
  191. except TypeError: # list in value may not contain strings
  192. pass
  193. return value
  194. def export_item(self, item):
  195. if self._headers_not_written:
  196. self._headers_not_written = False
  197. self._write_headers_and_set_fields_to_export(item)
  198. fields = self._get_serialized_fields(item, default_value='',
  199. include_empty=True)
  200. values = list(self._build_row(x for _, x in fields))
  201. self.csv_writer.writerow(values)
  202. def _build_row(self, values):
  203. for s in values:
  204. try:
  205. yield to_native_str(s, self.encoding)
  206. except TypeError:
  207. yield s
  208. def _write_headers_and_set_fields_to_export(self, item):
  209. if self.include_headers_line:
  210. if not self.fields_to_export:
  211. if isinstance(item, dict):
  212. # for dicts try using fields of the first item
  213. self.fields_to_export = list(item.keys())
  214. else:
  215. # use fields declared in Item
  216. self.fields_to_export = list(item.fields.keys())
  217. row = list(self._build_row(self.fields_to_export))
  218. self.csv_writer.writerow(row)
  219. class PickleItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
  220. def __init__(self, file, protocol=2, **kwargs):
  221. self._configure(kwargs)
  222. self.file = file
  223. self.protocol = protocol
  224. def export_item(self, item):
  225. d = dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item))
  226. pickle.dump(d, self.file, self.protocol)
  227. class MarshalItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
  228. """Exports items in a Python-specific binary format (see
  229. :mod:`marshal`).
  230. :param file: The file-like object to use for exporting the data. Its
  231. ``write`` method should accept :class:`bytes` (a disk file
  232. opened in binary mode, a :class:`~io.BytesIO` object, etc)
  233. """
  234. def __init__(self, file, **kwargs):
  235. self._configure(kwargs)
  236. self.file = file
  237. def export_item(self, item):
  238. marshal.dump(dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item)), self.file)
  239. class PprintItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
  240. def __init__(self, file, **kwargs):
  241. self._configure(kwargs)
  242. self.file = file
  243. def export_item(self, item):
  244. itemdict = dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item))
  245. self.file.write(to_bytes(pprint.pformat(itemdict) + '\n'))
  246. class PythonItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
  247. """This is a base class for item exporters that extends
  248. :class:`BaseItemExporter` with support for nested items.
  249. It serializes items to built-in Python types, so that any serialization
  250. library (e.g. :mod:`json` or msgpack_) can be used on top of it.
  251. .. _msgpack: https://pypi.org/project/msgpack/
  252. """
  253. def _configure(self, options, dont_fail=False):
  254. self.binary = options.pop('binary', True)
  255. super(PythonItemExporter, self)._configure(options, dont_fail)
  256. if self.binary:
  257. warnings.warn(
  258. "PythonItemExporter will drop support for binary export in the future",
  259. ScrapyDeprecationWarning)
  260. if not self.encoding:
  261. self.encoding = 'utf-8'
  262. def serialize_field(self, field, name, value):
  263. serializer = field.get('serializer', self._serialize_value)
  264. return serializer(value)
  265. def _serialize_value(self, value):
  266. if isinstance(value, BaseItem):
  267. return self.export_item(value)
  268. if isinstance(value, dict):
  269. return dict(self._serialize_dict(value))
  270. if is_listlike(value):
  271. return [self._serialize_value(v) for v in value]
  272. encode_func = to_bytes if self.binary else to_unicode
  273. if isinstance(value, (six.text_type, bytes)):
  274. return encode_func(value, encoding=self.encoding)
  275. return value
  276. def _serialize_dict(self, value):
  277. for key, val in six.iteritems(value):
  278. key = to_bytes(key) if self.binary else key
  279. yield key, self._serialize_value(val)
  280. def export_item(self, item):
  281. result = dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item))
  282. if self.binary:
  283. result = dict(self._serialize_dict(result))
  284. return result