form.py 7.7 KB

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  1. """
  2. This module implements the FormRequest class which is a more convenient class
  3. (than Request) to generate Requests based on form data.
  4. See documentation in docs/topics/request-response.rst
  5. """
  6. import six
  7. from six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin, urlencode
  8. import lxml.html
  9. from parsel.selector import create_root_node
  10. from w3lib.html import strip_html5_whitespace
  11. from scrapy.http.request import Request
  12. from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes, is_listlike
  13. from scrapy.utils.response import get_base_url
  14. class FormRequest(Request):
  15. valid_form_methods = ['GET', 'POST']
  16. def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
  17. formdata = kwargs.pop('formdata', None)
  18. if formdata and kwargs.get('method') is None:
  19. kwargs['method'] = 'POST'
  20. super(FormRequest, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  21. if formdata:
  22. items = formdata.items() if isinstance(formdata, dict) else formdata
  23. querystr = _urlencode(items, self.encoding)
  24. if self.method == 'POST':
  25. self.headers.setdefault(b'Content-Type', b'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
  26. self._set_body(querystr)
  27. else:
  28. self._set_url(self.url + ('&' if '?' in self.url else '?') + querystr)
  29. @classmethod
  30. def from_response(cls, response, formname=None, formid=None, formnumber=0, formdata=None,
  31. clickdata=None, dont_click=False, formxpath=None, formcss=None, **kwargs):
  32. kwargs.setdefault('encoding', response.encoding)
  33. if formcss is not None:
  34. from parsel.csstranslator import HTMLTranslator
  35. formxpath = HTMLTranslator().css_to_xpath(formcss)
  36. form = _get_form(response, formname, formid, formnumber, formxpath)
  37. formdata = _get_inputs(form, formdata, dont_click, clickdata, response)
  38. url = _get_form_url(form, kwargs.pop('url', None))
  39. method = kwargs.pop('method', form.method)
  40. if method is not None:
  41. method = method.upper()
  42. if method not in cls.valid_form_methods:
  43. method = 'GET'
  44. return cls(url=url, method=method, formdata=formdata, **kwargs)
  45. def _get_form_url(form, url):
  46. if url is None:
  47. action = form.get('action')
  48. if action is None:
  49. return form.base_url
  50. return urljoin(form.base_url, strip_html5_whitespace(action))
  51. return urljoin(form.base_url, url)
  52. def _urlencode(seq, enc):
  53. values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))
  54. for k, vs in seq
  55. for v in (vs if is_listlike(vs) else [vs])]
  56. return urlencode(values, doseq=1)
  57. def _get_form(response, formname, formid, formnumber, formxpath):
  58. """Find the form element """
  59. root = create_root_node(response.text, lxml.html.HTMLParser,
  60. base_url=get_base_url(response))
  61. forms = root.xpath('//form')
  62. if not forms:
  63. raise ValueError("No <form> element found in %s" % response)
  64. if formname is not None:
  65. f = root.xpath('//form[@name="%s"]' % formname)
  66. if f:
  67. return f[0]
  68. if formid is not None:
  69. f = root.xpath('//form[@id="%s"]' % formid)
  70. if f:
  71. return f[0]
  72. # Get form element from xpath, if not found, go up
  73. if formxpath is not None:
  74. nodes = root.xpath(formxpath)
  75. if nodes:
  76. el = nodes[0]
  77. while True:
  78. if el.tag == 'form':
  79. return el
  80. el = el.getparent()
  81. if el is None:
  82. break
  83. encoded = formxpath if six.PY3 else formxpath.encode('unicode_escape')
  84. raise ValueError('No <form> element found with %s' % encoded)
  85. # If we get here, it means that either formname was None
  86. # or invalid
  87. if formnumber is not None:
  88. try:
  89. form = forms[formnumber]
  90. except IndexError:
  91. raise IndexError("Form number %d not found in %s" %
  92. (formnumber, response))
  93. else:
  94. return form
  95. def _get_inputs(form, formdata, dont_click, clickdata, response):
  96. try:
  97. formdata_keys = dict(formdata or ()).keys()
  98. except (ValueError, TypeError):
  99. raise ValueError('formdata should be a dict or iterable of tuples')
  100. if not formdata:
  101. formdata = ()
  102. inputs = form.xpath('descendant::textarea'
  103. '|descendant::select'
  104. '|descendant::input[not(@type) or @type['
  105. ' not(re:test(., "^(?:submit|image|reset)$", "i"))'
  106. ' and (../@checked or'
  107. ' not(re:test(., "^(?:checkbox|radio)$", "i")))]]',
  108. namespaces={
  109. "re": "http://exslt.org/regular-expressions"})
  110. values = [(k, u'' if v is None else v)
  111. for k, v in (_value(e) for e in inputs)
  112. if k and k not in formdata_keys]
  113. if not dont_click:
  114. clickable = _get_clickable(clickdata, form)
  115. if clickable and clickable[0] not in formdata and not clickable[0] is None:
  116. values.append(clickable)
  117. if isinstance(formdata, dict):
  118. formdata = formdata.items()
  119. values.extend((k, v) for k, v in formdata if v is not None)
  120. return values
  121. def _value(ele):
  122. n = ele.name
  123. v = ele.value
  124. if ele.tag == 'select':
  125. return _select_value(ele, n, v)
  126. return n, v
  127. def _select_value(ele, n, v):
  128. multiple = ele.multiple
  129. if v is None and not multiple:
  130. # Match browser behaviour on simple select tag without options selected
  131. # And for select tags wihout options
  132. o = ele.value_options
  133. return (n, o[0]) if o else (None, None)
  134. elif v is not None and multiple:
  135. # This is a workround to bug in lxml fixed 2.3.1
  136. # fix https://github.com/lxml/lxml/commit/57f49eed82068a20da3db8f1b18ae00c1bab8b12#L1L1139
  137. selected_options = ele.xpath('.//option[@selected]')
  138. v = [(o.get('value') or o.text or u'').strip() for o in selected_options]
  139. return n, v
  140. def _get_clickable(clickdata, form):
  141. """
  142. Returns the clickable element specified in clickdata,
  143. if the latter is given. If not, it returns the first
  144. clickable element found
  145. """
  146. clickables = [
  147. el for el in form.xpath(
  148. 'descendant::input[re:test(@type, "^(submit|image)$", "i")]'
  149. '|descendant::button[not(@type) or re:test(@type, "^submit$", "i")]',
  150. namespaces={"re": "http://exslt.org/regular-expressions"})
  151. ]
  152. if not clickables:
  153. return
  154. # If we don't have clickdata, we just use the first clickable element
  155. if clickdata is None:
  156. el = clickables[0]
  157. return (el.get('name'), el.get('value') or '')
  158. # If clickdata is given, we compare it to the clickable elements to find a
  159. # match. We first look to see if the number is specified in clickdata,
  160. # because that uniquely identifies the element
  161. nr = clickdata.get('nr', None)
  162. if nr is not None:
  163. try:
  164. el = list(form.inputs)[nr]
  165. except IndexError:
  166. pass
  167. else:
  168. return (el.get('name'), el.get('value') or '')
  169. # We didn't find it, so now we build an XPath expression out of the other
  170. # arguments, because they can be used as such
  171. xpath = u'.//*' + \
  172. u''.join(u'[@%s="%s"]' % c for c in six.iteritems(clickdata))
  173. el = form.xpath(xpath)
  174. if len(el) == 1:
  175. return (el[0].get('name'), el[0].get('value') or '')
  176. elif len(el) > 1:
  177. raise ValueError("Multiple elements found (%r) matching the criteria "
  178. "in clickdata: %r" % (el, clickdata))
  179. else:
  180. raise ValueError('No clickable element matching clickdata: %r' % (clickdata,))